clxn] ljZjdf tLg s/f]8 rfln; nfv hlt
dflg;x¿ PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 / s]lx jif{leqdf Tof] P8\;sf ?kdf
k"0f{ ljsl;t x'G5 . ;g\ @)!) df dfq @# nfv dflg;x¿df PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0f
eof] / !* nfv dflg;n] P8;\af6 Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ . x/]s lbg
&))) dflg;x? PrcfO{eLaf6 ;ª\qmldt eO/x]sf 5g\, h; dWo] (% k|ltzt ljsf;zLn
b]zsf 5g\ . Pl;ofdf
;ª\qmldtx¿sf] ;ª\Vof rfln; nfveGbf a9L /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . /fli6«o PrcfO{eL tyf
of}g /f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb| (NCASC) sf] l/kf]{6 cg';f/
sl/a %) xhf/ eGbf al9 g]kfnLx¿ PrcfO{eL
;ª\qmldt 5g\ . h; dWo] sl/a $ xhf/ !$ jif{
d'lgsf afnaflnsx? /x]sf 5g\ . PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0f x'b}Fdf d[To' eO xfNg] eg]
xf]Og\ . PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0f ePkl5 klg jiff}{ ;Dd afFr]sf pbfx/0fx? xfdL
;fd" 5g\ . ;g\ !((& sf] t'ngfdf clxn] PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0f b/df @!
k|ltztn] sdL cfPsf] 5 . o:t} u/L ;g\ @))^ df P8\;l;t ;DalGwt sf/0faf6 @@ nfv
dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf]df ;g\ @)!) df cfP/ To;df $ nfvsf] sdL cfof] . PrcfO{eL
nfUg glbg] vf]k 5}g / of] lgsf] klg x'b}Fg, t/ klg ljZjdf / g]kfndf o;sf]
;ª\qmd0fsf] b/ 36g' Pp6f cToGt 7"nf] ;kmntf xf] . o:tf cg]s tYofÍ 5g\,
h;n] PrcfO{eL tyf P8\; dflg;n] lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] :jf:Yo ;d:of xf] eGg] k'li6
u/]sf 5g\ . t/ cj;f]r clxn] klg k|To]s b'O{ hgf PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt JolQmnfO{
pkfrf/ ;Dd NofpFbf sl/a kfFr hgf JolQm PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt eO{ ;Sg] cjZyf /x]sf]
5 . jf:tjdf PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0fsf] hf]lvd / o;af6 aRg] pkfox?sf af/]df /fd|f]
hfgsf/L /fvL ;'/lIft Jojxf/ cKgfPdf o;af6 hf]lug ;lhn} 5 .
PrcfO{eL eg]sf] s]
xf] <
·
PrcfO{eLsf]
k"0f{?k Human Immuno Deficency Virus Xf] .
· Pr
eg]sf] Human cyf{t\ dfgj xf] . PrcfO{eLsf] ;qmd0f
dflg;df dfq x'G5 .
· cfO{
eg]sf] Immuno Deficency cyf{t\ k|lt/Iff zlQmdf sdL
x'g', PrcfO{eLsf] ;qmd0fn] dflg;sf] /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtfdf sdL NofpF5 .
· / eL eg]sf] Virus cyf{t\ ljiff0f' xf] .
To;}n] PrcfO{eL eg]sf] dfgj
k|lt/Iff zlQm sd ug]{ ljiff0f' eGg] a'lemG5 . PrcfO{eLn] dfgj zl//df k|j]z
u/]kl5 dflg;sf] /f]u;Fu n8\g] IfdtfnfO{ gi6 kfb}{ n}hfG5 / To;tf] cj:yfdf
k'¥ofOlbG5 hxFf dflg;sf] /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf gi6 eO{ ;S5 / cGo h'g ;'s} /f]usf]
;+qmd0fn] ;lhn} cfqmd0f ub{5 .
P*\; eg]sf] s] xf]<
PrcfO{eLn] ;ª\qmd0f u/] kl5
z/L/ /f]uAofwl;t k|fs[lts ?kdf n8\g g;Sg] x'G5 . clgla:tf/} ;fg} /f]un] klg
dfG5] la/fdL x'G5 . o;/L la/fdL x'g] k|lqmof a9b} uPsf] cj:yfnfO{ g} P8\; cyf{t
Acquired
Immuno Deficency Syndrom elgG5
.
·
P
eGgfn] Acquired
cyf{t\ c?af6 Kf|fKt x'g' eGg] a'lemG5 .
·
cfO{ eg]sf] Immuno cyf{t\ k|lt/Iff zlQm xf] .
·
8L
eGgfn] Deficiency
cyf{t\ sdL x'g' xf] .
·
P; eg]sf]
Syndrom
cyf{t\ ljleGg /f]usf nIf0fx? eGg] a'lemG5 .
·
of]
PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0f kl5sf] o:tf] cj:yf xf] h;df zl//sf] /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf k|fo
gi6 eO{;s]sf] x'G5 .
PrcfO{eL / P*\;df s]
km/s %<
PrcfO{eL / P8\; hl6n :j:Yo ;d:of xf] t/ lo b'O{
cfk}mdf s'g} /f]u eg] xf]Og\ . xfdLn]] a'‰g s] h?/L 5 eg] PrcfO{eL / P8\; lo
b'O{df km/s 5 . PrcfO{eL Pp6f ljiff0f' xf], eg] P8\; o; ljiff0f'sf] ;ª\qmd0f
kl5sf] cj:yf xf] .
lj/ c:ktfnsf PrcfO{eL ljz]if1 8f=;'lzn ;fSosf
cg';f/ PrcfO{eL eg]sf] efO/;sf] 5f]6f] gfd cyf{t ;ª\qmldt cj:yf dfq} Tof] a]nf
/f]usf] nIf]0f x'b}Fg . P8\; eg]sf] rflxF PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldtn] k|lt/Iff k|0f{fln
sdhf]/ u/L ;s] kl5 w]/} nfdf] ;do kl5 /f]usf] nIf]0fx? b]lVg] cjZyf . nIf]0f
b]lv ;s]kl5 eg] To;nfO{ P8\; elgG5 To;sf] sf/s tTj rflxF PrcfO{eL xf] . t/
PrcfO{eL x'b}Fdf P8\; ePsf] eGg ldNb}g / d[To'{ klg eOxfNg] xf]Og . PrcfO{eL
;ª\qmldt P8\;sf] cjZyfdf k'Ug w]/} jif{ nfU5 .
PrcfO{eL eg]sf] dflg;sf] /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf gi6
u/fpg] ljiff0f' xf] eg] P8\; eg]sf] o; ljiff0f'sf] ;ª\qmd0fn] ubf{ z/L/sf]
/f]uAofwl;t k|fs[lts ?kdf n8\g ;Sg] Ifdtf gfz eO{ ;s]sf] cj:yf xf] h;df c?
h'g;'s} /f]un] klg ;lhn} cfqmd0f ub{5 / dfG5] la/fdL x'G5 .
PrcfO{eL s;/L ;%{<
PrcfO{eL dfgj z/L/df dfq afRFg ;S5 / ;ª\qmldt
dflg;sf] z/L/ leqsf t/n kbfy{x? vf;u/L /ut, jLo{, of]gL /;df, cfdfsf] b'w vfFbf tyf cGodf kof{Kt dfqfdf kfOg]
x'gfn] o:tf kbfy{x?sf] ;+;u{af6 :j:Yo JolQmdf PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0f x'G5 .To;}n]
PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f x'g] d"Vo ltg tl/sfx? yfxf kfpg h?/L 5 .
klxnf] xf] c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{af6 ƒ lagf sG8d PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt ;fyL;Fu x'g] c;'/lIft of}g
;Dks{ PrcfO{eL ;g]{ d"Vo sf/0f xf] . ;+;f/df *) k|ltzt PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0f
c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{sf sf/0f ePsf] b]lvG5 .
bf];f] xf] PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt /ut jf /ut hGo kbfy{af6 ƒ Dfflg;sf] cg'xf/ x]/]/ PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f eP gePsf] yfxf kfpg
;lsb}g . of] /ut kl/If0faf6 dfq yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . t/ PrcfO{eL z/L/df k;]kl5 b'O{ b]lv 5 dlxgf ;Dd /ut
k/LIf0faf6 z/L/df 5 5}g eGg] ktf gnfUg klg ;S5 . of] b'O{ b]lv 5 dlxgfsf] cjwL
h;df PrcfO{eL z/L/df x'g] t/ /ut k/LIf0faf6 gb]lvg] ePsf]n] To:tf] cj:yfnfO{ ‰ofnL
cj:yf cyf{t window period
elgG5 . / olt a]nf PrcfO{eL ;ªqmldt JolQmn] c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{ jf /Stbfg u/]df
PrcfO{eL ;g{;S5 . pko'Qm k/LIf0f gu/L ;+qmldt JolQmsf] /ut jf /utaf6 ag]sf
kbfy{ jf cu+x? :j:Yo JolQmn] lnbf jf k|Tof/f]k0f ubf{ PrcfO{eL ;5{ . olx sf/0fn] ;"O{¢f/f nfu"kbfy{ k|of]ustf{{x¿n]
Pp6fn] k|of]u ul/;s]sf] ;"O{ csf]{n] k|of]u ubf{ /utsf] dfWod af6 PrcfO{eL
;+s|d0f x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'g] ub{5 . g]kfndf gfO{ ;ªun] Pshgfsf] bfx|L, skfn sfl6;s]kl5 5'/fsf] An]8 km]g]{ k|rng PrcfO{eL g;/f];\
eg]/ g} u/]sf] xf] . PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt JolQmsf] zl//sf] s'g} cu+ PrcfO{eL
;ª\qmldt gePsf] JolQmnfO{ lbg] ljz]if u/L cfFvfsf] corniya transplant ug]{ / tatoo ubf{ pto'St Wofg lbPgf} eg] klg PrcfO{eL ;5{ .
Dfflg;sf] cg'xf/ x]/]/ PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f eP
gePsf] yfxf kfpg ;lsb}g . of] /ut kl/If0faf6 dfq yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . t/ PrcfO{eL z/L/df k;]kl5 b'O{ b]lv 5 dlxgf ;Dd /ut
k/LIf0faf6 z/L/df 5 5}g eGg] ktf gnfUg klg ;S5 . of] b'O{ b]lv 5 dlxgfsf] cjwL
h;df PrcfO{eL z/L/df x'g] t/ /ut k/LIf0faf6 gb]lvg] ePsf]n] To:tf] cj:yfnfO{ ‰ofnL cj:yf
cyf{t window period elgG5 . / olt a]nf PrcfO{eL ;ªqmldt JolQmn]
c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{ jf /Stbfg u/]df PrcfO{eL ;g{;S5 .
t];|f] xf] PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt uej{klt cfdfaf6 aRrfdf ƒ ;ª\qmldt cfdfaf6 aRrfdf PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0f uef{j:yfdf, hlGdg]
a]nfdf jf cfdfsf] b'w vfFbf x'g ;S5
. PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt cfdfaf6 aRrfdf
PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0f x'g] ;Defjgf #) b]lv $) k|ltzt ;Dd x'G5 .
PrcfO{eL s;/L ;b}{g\ <
PrcfO{eL ;+s|ldt jf P8\;sf] cj:yfdf ePsf] dflg;
;Fu} k9\bf, a:bf, xft ldnfpFbf, cFufnf] dfbf{, p;sf] h'7f] vfFbf, Pp6} 7fFpdf
;Fu} sfd ubf{ jf p;n] k|of]u u/]sf] rkL{ k|of]u ubf{ ;d]t PrcfO{eL ;b}{g .
PrcfO{eL emf8f kvfnf h:tf] kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf]
cefjaf6 tyf 6LaLsf] lhjf0f' h:tf] vf]Sbf jf xf5o'F ubf{ ;g]{ ePsf] eP s]
x'GYof] xf]nf< To;f] ePsf] eP o;af6 x'g] d[To'n] ;DejtM ;+;f/sf] gS;f g}
km]]l/O;s]sf] x'g] lyof] .
PrcfO{eLaf^ aR¤g]
pkfox? s] s] x'g\<
PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0f /f]Sg w]/} s'/f ug'{ kb}{g, o;af6
cfjZos hfgsf/L lnb} ;'/lIft Jojxf/ ckgfP dfq k'U5 . bDkltsf aLrdf dfq jf Pshgf,
OdfGbf/ of}g ;fyLl;t dfq ;'/lIft of}g ;DaGw /fVg' o; ljiff0f'af6 hf]lug]
;a}eGbf /fd|f] pkfo xf] .
dflg;sf] hLjg z}nL km]l/Psf] 5 / ljjfx ug]{ pd]/
kl5lt/ ;l/x]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf dflg;nfO{ of}g Jojxf/nfO{ ;Lldt /fVg
uf¥xf] x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf Pshgf eGbf a9L of}g ;fyL;Fu of}g ;Dks{ x'G5 eg]
x/]s rf]6L ;xL tl/sfn] sG8dsf] k|of]u u/]df PrcfO{eL ;b}{g .
PrcfO{eL kl/If0f kZrft PrcfO{eL /lxt /ut jf /uthGo
kbfy{ lng]+ jf cu+ k|Tof/f]k0f ug] ug{fn] PrcfO{eL ;b}{g . Pp6fn] k|of]u u/]sf] ;'O{ l;l/+h jf 5fnf 5]8g]
cf}hf/ csf{n]] k|of]u gug{fn] PrcfO{eL
;b}{g .
PrcfO{eL ;ªqmldt dlxnfn] aRrf hGdfpg' cl3 8fS6/;+u
plrt k/fdz{ lnO{ ;dod} cfjZos pkrf/ u/fP cfdfaf6 aRrfdf x'g] PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0f
/f]Sg ;lsG5 .
PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0f /f]Sg] g s'g} vf]k 5}g . t/ hgr]tgf
k}mnfpg', ;'/lIft Aojxf/ ckgfpg', cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg',
jf:tljstfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ / ;+qmldt JolQmx¿k|lt ;befj /fVg' PrcfO{eL nfUg glbg]
vf]k a/fa/sf pkfo x'g\ . ;fy} PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0f e};s] kl5 o;nfO{ zl//af6 lgd'{n
kfg]{ g s'g} cf}iflw g} 5 . t/ wGg eGg' k5{ PrcfO{eLsf] ;+qmd0f eO;s]kl5 zl//df
o;sf] j[l4{ b/nfO{ /f]Sg] cf}iflw 5 h;nfO{ PG6L /]6«f] efO/n cyf{t Pcf/eL
elgG5\ . of] efO/n eg]sf] PrcfO{eL ;ªqmd0fsf] lj?bdf sfd ug]{ cf}lifw xf] . of]
cf}lifw lg/Gt/ vfg' cfjZos 5 . olb ;+qmldt JolQmx¿n] of] cf}lifw lg/Gt/ vfP
geg] o;n] k"/f sfd ub}{g . of] pkrf/ kblt ;+qmldt JolQmx¿sf] cjZyf x]/]/
;'? ul/G5 . klxnf] ;+qmldt JolQmx¿sf]
CD4 count #%) eGbf tn
em/\of] eg] ;'? ug'{ k5{ . bf];|f] PrcfO{eL efO/;sf] ;+sVof x]/]/ ;'? ul/G5 . xfn}sf]
cg';Gwfg cg';f/ Pcf/eL pkrf/df /x]sf] JolQmaf6 :j:Yo JolQmdf PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f
x'g] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] kfO{G5 . PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt ue{jtL dlxnfn] ue{jtL
cj:yfdf g} 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ a]n}df Pcf/eL pkrf/ u/]df ;+qmldt cfdfaf6
aRrfdf PrcfO{eL ;g]{ hf]lvd klg () k|ltzt sd x'G5 . PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f ePsf] yfxf
kfP/ 8fS6/sf] k/fdz{ cg';f/ a]n}df Pcf/eL pkrf/ z'? u/] ljleGg cj;/jflb
/f]ux?n] ;+qmd0f ug{ kfpb}Fg\ . ;fy} of] pkrf/ kbltn] PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt JolQm
P8\;sf] cj:yfdf k'Ug]] ;do nlDag x'gfn] PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt eP/ klg w]/} aif{
af+Rg ;S5g\ .
PrcfO{eL / P*\;n] kfg]{ c;/x? s] s] x'g\<
hg;d'bfodf
PrcfO{eL of}gsdL{, nfu' kbf{y k|of]ustf{, tyf t];|f] lnËL JolQmx¿nfO{ dfq x'g]
;d:of xf] eGg] wf/0f ljWodfg /x]sf] kfOG5 . o:tf wf/0ffn] ubf{ s;}nfO{ PrcfO{eL ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfPkl5
nf+5gf nufpg] / e]befj ug]{ ul/G5 . h;n] ubf{, PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt ePsf dflg;x¿
klg n+fG5gf / e]befjsf] 8/n] ubf{ pknAw k/LIf0f tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf lng cufl8 cfpFb}gg\ / plgx?sf] :j:Yo emgemg
lau|b}F hfG5 . c?n] yfxf kfpnfg eGg] 8/n] ;'/lIft Jojxf/ klg ckgfpb}Fgg\ h;n]
ubf{ PrcfO{eL ;+d:of e';sf] cfuf] ;/L leqleq} km}lnP/ hfg klg ;S5 . /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u lgoGqg s]G›sf cg';f/ @)^* >fj0f ;Dddf
g]kfndf /ut hf+raf6 kQf nfu]sf !*,%))
PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt dWo] nueu %))) u[lx0fL /x]sf] tYon]] PrcfO{eL of}gsdL{, nfu' kbf{y k|of]ustf{,
tyf t];|f]
lnËL JolQmx¿sf] dfq ;d:of
xf] eGg] wf/0ff nfO{ unt ;flat ul/lbPsf] 5
. PrcfOeL] :jf:Yo ;d:of dfq geO{
ljsf; s}] ;d:of xf] . of] c;'/lIft of}g ;Dk{saf6 ;g]{ ljiff0f' ePsfn]
clwsf+z cj:yfdf klt kTgL b'j} ;+qmldt xG5g / b'a}sf] :j:Yo k|foM ;Fu;Fu}
lalu|G5 . afa'cfdfsf] lalu|Fbf] :jf:Yo jf d[To'sf sf/0f afnaflnsfx¿ 6'x'/f
x'gk'U5g\, ljBfno hfg kfpFb}gg\ / lzIffaf6 a+lrt x'G5g . o;n] d'n'ss} ;fIf/tf
b/nfO{ sd u/fpF5 . o;/L lzIffsf]] cefjaf6 plgx? cem al9 hf]lvddf kg{ hfG5g\ .
PrcfO{eLsf] ;+s|d0f pTkfbgzlfn
pd]/sf JolQmx?df al9 x'g] / kl/jf/ df sdfpg] AolQm g} czQm eO{ lb+bf jf d[To'sf
sf/0f k|ltJolQm -cfo_ cfdbfgLdf klg x|f; cfpF5 . d"n?kn] klt / kTgL
b'j}nfO{ nfUg] ;+s|d0f ePsf sf/0f /
P8;\n] ubf{ 5f]6f] pd]/d} d[To' x'g] ePsfn] d'n'ss} cf};t cfo'df
k|lts"n c;/ k5{ .
o;/L
PrcfO{eLaf6 cTolws k|efljt b]zx?df ljsfzsf ltg}
k|d'v dfkb08x? M cf};t cfo', ;fIf/tf / k|lt JolQm cfdbfgL df xf; cfPsf]
/ o;n] b]zsf] ljsfzqmdnfO{ g} kl5 kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] PrcfO{eL tyf P8;\nfO{
:jf:Yosf] dfq geO{ lasfzsf] d'2fsf] ?kdf lnO{Psf] 5 / o;sf] /f]syfd tyf
lgoGq0fdf :jf:Yo dfq x}g ;a} If]qaf6 k|of; x'g' kb{5 . cfˆgf] 3/ kl/jf/, ;dfh /
b]znfO{ o:tf] cj:yfaf6 hf]ufpg / cfk"m hf]lugsf nflu PrcfO{eL tyf P8\;sf
af/]df cfkm' ;r]t eO{ c?nfO{ a'emfpg' k|To]s ;r]t gful/ssf] st{Jo xf] . t/ o;sf
nflu ul/Psf b'vx¿ ta;Dd ;fy{s x'g ;Sb}gg\ ha;Dd xfdL o;nfO{ a'‰g / dfgjLo 9Ën]
;dfwfg ug{ cu|;/ x'Fb}gf} .
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